Dogs
Dog diseases
Symptoms, causes, treatment and when to see a vet straight away. The guide has 328 articles, each with its sources at the end. To find a vet near you, use the RCVS Find a Vet service.
Urgent conditions
- UrgentStroke in dogs – symptoms, diagnosis and treatmentA stroke in a dog often causes sudden balance, vision or movement problems. Learn about investigations,…
- UrgentMeningitis and encephalitis in dogs – symptoms and treatmentMeningitis and encephalitis can cause neck pain, fever, seizures and behavioural changes in dogs. Learn about…
- UrgentAcute kidney injury in dogs – sudden kidney failureAcute kidney injury in dogs can follow poisoning, infection or poor circulation. Learn about urgent symptoms,…
- UrgentHypothermia in dogs: signs, first aid and treatmentHypothermia can develop after cold exposure, getting wet or illness. Learn the warning signs, safe first aid…
- UrgentAlcohol poisoning in dogs: symptoms and first aidDogs can develop alcohol poisoning from drinks, hand sanitiser or raw yeast dough. Learn the dangerous signs…
- UrgentAspiration pneumonia in dogs: symptoms and treatmentAspiration pneumonia can follow vomiting, regurgitation or swallowing problems. Learn about breathing signs,…
- UrgentAtaxia in dogs – causes of wobbling and loss of coordinationAtaxia means a loss of movement coordination. Learn why dogs wobble, when emergency care is needed and how…
- UrgentAtlantoaxial instability in dogs: neck pain and treatmentAtlantoaxial instability can cause neck pain and paralysis in dogs. Learn about urgent warning signs,…
- UrgentBabesia in dogs – babesiosis symptoms and treatmentBabesia infection can cause fever, anaemia and dark urine in dogs. Learn about babesiosis testing, treatment…
- UrgentBoxer cardiomyopathy (ARVC) in dogsBoxer cardiomyopathy, or ARVC, causes abnormal heart rhythms and fainting. Learn what Holter monitoring shows…
- UrgentDiabetic ketoacidosis in dogs: symptoms and treatmentDiabetic ketoacidosis is a life-threatening complication of diabetes in dogs. Learn about warning signs,…
- UrgentDilated cardiomyopathy in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentDilated cardiomyopathy weakens a dog's heart pumping. Learn about symptoms, ultrasound, Holter monitoring and…
- UrgentAnterior uveitis in dogs: symptoms, causes and treatmentAnterior uveitis is inflammation inside the front of the eye. Learn why your dog may squint, how vets examine…
- UrgentAntifreeze poisoning in dogs: ethylene glycol toxicityEthylene glycol in antifreeze can rapidly damage a dog's kidneys. Learn about poisoning signs, tests and why…
- UrgentGDV in dogs: recognising a twisted stomach emergencyA twisted stomach is a veterinary emergency. Learn the warning signs of GDV in dogs, how it is diagnosed and…
- UrgentGlaucoma in dogs: symptoms and treatmentGlaucoma can cause eye pain and rapid sight loss in dogs. Learn the emergency signs, how eye pressure is…
- UrgentCanine herpesvirus – symptoms and protecting puppiesCanine herpesvirus often causes no symptoms in adults but can be fatal to newborn puppies. Learn about…
- UrgentMould poisoning in dogs: mouldy food and compostMould toxins can cause tremors, seizures or liver damage in dogs. Learn about mouldy food and compost risks,…
- UrgentIbuprofen poisoning in dogsCould your dog have swallowed ibuprofen? Contact a vet immediately. Learn about poisoning symptoms, emergency…
- UrgentBurns in dogs: first aid, symptoms and treatmentA dog's burn may be hidden beneath the coat and deepen later. Learn about cooling, warning signs and…
- UrgentPneumothorax in dogs – a breathing emergencyPneumothorax means air around your dog's lungs. Learn about traumatic and spontaneous forms, warning signs,…
- UrgentEclampsia in dogs – low calcium and nursing mothersEclampsia is a dangerous fall in blood calcium, usually in a nursing dog. Recognise restlessness, trembling…
- UrgentImmune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) in dogsIMHA can cause sudden weakness, pale gums and jaundice in dogs. Learn about diagnostic tests, transfusions,…
- UrgentImmune thrombocytopenia in dogs: low platelets and bleedingImmune thrombocytopenia can cause serious bleeding in dogs. Learn about symptoms, interpreting platelet…
- UrgentNeck injury in dogs – symptoms, first aid and treatmentA neck injury can damage a dog's airway and deep tissues even with a small skin wound. Learn the warning…
- UrgentMiscarriage in dogs: signs, causes and treatmentPregnancy loss in dogs may go unnoticed or cause discharge, pain and fever. Learn about possible causes,…
- UrgentPneumonia in dogsPneumonia can quickly make breathing difficult for dogs. Learn the emergency signs, possible causes,…
- UrgentPulmonary oedema in dogs: symptoms and emergency treatmentPulmonary oedema makes breathing difficult and needs urgent care. Learn about heart-related and other causes,…
- UrgentFluid around the lungs in dogs – pleural effusionFluid around the lungs can make breathing difficult for your dog. Learn about pleural effusion causes, tests,…
- UrgentSeizures in dogsA dog having seizures may need emergency care. Time the episode, make the surroundings safe and contact a…
- UrgentXylitol poisoning in dogs: symptoms and prompt treatmentXylitol can cause dangerously low blood sugar and liver damage in dogs. Learn about symptoms, urgent…
- UrgentAdder bites in dogs: symptoms, first aid and treatmentAn adder bite can cause painful swelling and serious organ damage in dogs. Learn about first aid, veterinary…
- UrgentHeatstroke in dogs: symptoms, first aid and preventionHeatstroke is a life-threatening emergency in dogs. Recognise the signs, start effective cooling and learn…
- UrgentBroken jaw in dogs – symptoms, treatment and healingA broken jaw can prevent a dog eating and alter the bite. Learn about upper and lower jaw injuries,…
- UrgentLens luxation in dogsLens luxation can cause pain and sudden sight loss in dogs. Learn which eye signs require emergency care and…
- UrgentDislocated hip in dogs: symptoms and treatmentA dislocated hip causes sudden pain and lameness in dogs. Learn about urgent assessment, putting the joint…
- UrgentBroken bones in dogsA suspected broken bone needs prompt veterinary assessment. Learn how to recognise possible fractures,…
- UrgentLiver failure in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentLiver failure can cause jaundice, bleeding and neurological signs in dogs. Learn about acute and chronic…
- UrgentHepatic encephalopathy in dogs: liver-related brain signsHepatic encephalopathy causes brain signs linked to liver disease or shunts in dogs. Learn about ammonia,…
- UrgentPyothorax in dogs – symptoms, chest drainage and treatmentPyothorax is a serious infection around the lungs. Learn about signs in dogs, emergency breathing support,…
- UrgentLow blood sugar in puppies – hypoglycaemia signs and first aidLow blood sugar can cause trembling, unsteadiness and reduced awareness in puppies. Learn why small puppies…
- UrgentPoisoning and kidney damage in dogs – dangerous substancesAntifreeze, raisins and some medicines can damage your dog's kidneys. Learn why exposure needs prompt…
- UrgentNosebleeds in dogs: first aid, causes and testsA dog's nosebleed may come from a nasal injury or a blood clotting disorder. Learn what you can do…
- UrgentNeosporosis in dogs – symptoms, tests and treatmentNeosporosis can cause hind-leg weakness and permanent stiffness in puppies. Learn about infection, testing,…
- UrgentNicotine poisoning in dogs: pouches, tobacco and vapesNicotine pouches, cigarette ends and vape liquid can poison dogs quickly. Learn about symptoms, veterinary…
- UrgentOrganophosphate poisoning in dogs: symptoms and treatmentOrganophosphate poisoning can cause drooling, muscle twitching and breathing difficulty in dogs. Learn about…
- UrgentHead injury in dogs – brain injury symptoms and treatmentA head injury can damage a dog's brain and cause signs that worsen later. Learn about first aid, altered…
- UrgentFrostbite in dogs: symptoms, first aid and treatmentFrostbite particularly affects a dog's ears, paws and tail. Learn the warning signs, safe first aid and how…
- UrgentDiaphragmatic hernia in dogs – symptoms, surgery and recoveryA diaphragmatic hernia allows abdominal organs into a dog's chest. Learn about breathing problems, traumatic…
- UrgentParaphimosis in dogs: a penis stuck outside the sheathParaphimosis leaves a dog's penis trapped outside its sheath, where it can swell and become painful. Learn…
- UrgentParacetamol poisoning in dogsA paracetamol overdose can damage a dog's red blood cells and liver. Call a vet immediately if your dog may…
- UrgentParvovirus in dogs: symptoms, infection and treatmentParvovirus can cause severe gut disease in dogs. Learn the warning signs, how vets diagnose and treat it, and…
- UrgentFading puppy syndrome: weakness in newborn puppiesA fading puppy may stop suckling, become cold and weaken quickly. Learn about warning signs, possible causes,…
- UrgentRectal prolapse in dogs – symptoms and treatmentRectal prolapse appears as tissue protruding from a dog's anus. Learn why prompt veterinary care matters and…
- UrgentTwisted spleen in dogs – splenic torsion and urgent treatmentSplenic torsion blocks blood flow through a dog's spleen and needs prompt care. Learn about sudden and…
- UrgentWhipworms and hookworms in dogsWhipworms and hookworms can cause diarrhoea and anaemia in dogs. Learn how infections are tested and treated,…
- UrgentPolyradiculoneuritis in dogs: weakness and recoveryPolyradiculoneuritis can progress from hindleg weakness to paralysis in dogs. Learn about breathing warning…
- UrgentTick-borne encephalitis in dogs: symptoms and treatmentTick-borne encephalitis, or TBE, is a rare but serious viral disease in dogs. Learn about neurological signs,…
- UrgentPyometra in dogs: symptoms and urgent treatmentPyometra is an emergency womb infection in dogs. Recognise the signs even without discharge and learn about…
- UrgentRabies in dogs – symptoms and suspected exposureRabies is a life-threatening viral disease affecting dogs and people. Learn about symptoms, transmission,…
- UrgentHeavy metal poisoning in dogs: lead and zincLead and excess zinc can seriously poison dogs. Learn about exposure sources, symptoms, investigations and…
- UrgentRat poison in dogsIf your dog may have eaten rat poison or a poisoned rodent, call a vet immediately. The active ingredient…
- UrgentDog vomiting blood: gastrointestinal bleedingBlood in a dog's vomit or black stools may signal gastrointestinal bleeding. Learn the warning signs,…
- UrgentFood poisoning in dogs – symptoms and prompt helpFood poisoning can cause diarrhoea, vomiting or neurological signs in dogs. Learn about contaminated food,…
- UrgentSick sinus syndrome in dogs – symptoms and pacemaker treatmentSick sinus syndrome can slow a dog's heart rate and cause fainting. Learn how vets investigate the rhythm and…
- UrgentBile duct obstruction in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentA blocked bile duct can cause jaundice and serious illness in dogs. Learn about testing, pancreatitis,…
- UrgentCorneal ulcers in dogs: damage to the eye's surfaceCorneal ulcers cause eye pain and squinting in dogs. Learn how superficial and deep ulcers differ and why…
- UrgentSpinal injury in dogs – symptoms, first aid and treatmentA spinal injury can also damage a dog's spinal cord. Learn about urgent signs, safe transport,…
- UrgentSpinal stroke in dogs: FCE, treatment and recoveryA spinal stroke, or FCE, causes sudden weakness or paralysis in dogs. Learn about symptoms, MRI,…
- UrgentSepsis in dogs: symptoms and emergency treatmentSepsis is life-threatening in dogs. Learn the warning signs, how vets investigate the infection source and…
- UrgentMushroom poisoning in dogs – symptoms and urgent treatmentMushroom poisoning in dogs may cause signs immediately or days later. Learn about dangerous mushrooms, first…
- UrgentAbscess behind a dog's eye – symptoms and treatmentAn abscess behind a dog's eye can cause bulging, pain and difficulty eating. Learn when urgent care is needed…
- UrgentBlue-green algae poisoning in dogs: symptoms and immediate helpBlue-green algae toxins can rapidly damage a dog's liver or nervous system. Learn about exposure, rinsing the…
- UrgentOnion and garlic poisoning in dogsOnion and garlic can damage a dog's red blood cells and cause anaemia. Contact a vet immediately after…
- UrgentChocolate poisoning in dogsChocolate's theobromine and caffeine can poison dogs. Call a vet immediately after chocolate or cocoa…
- UrgentIntussusception in dogs: symptoms, surgery and recoveryIntussusception occurs when one part of a dog's intestine slides inside another. Learn about symptoms,…
- UrgentIntestinal blockage and foreign bodies in dogs: symptoms and treatmentA swallowed foreign body can block a dog's intestine. Learn about warning signs, investigations, removal of…
- UrgentHeart failure in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentHeart failure can cause faster breathing and fluid accumulation in dogs. Learn about emergency signs,…
- UrgentHeartworm and lungworm in dogs – symptoms, tests and treatmentHeartworm spreads through mosquitoes, while lungworm usually spreads through slugs and snails. Learn about…
- UrgentPericardial effusion in dogs: symptoms and treatmentFluid around a dog's heart can cause life-threatening cardiac tamponade. Learn the signs, how ultrasound…
- UrgentDifficult birth in dogsDifficult birth in dogs needs prompt assessment. Recognise prolonged straining, abnormal discharge and other…
- UrgentInfectious canine hepatitis – symptoms and treatmentInfectious canine hepatitis can make an unvaccinated dog seriously ill very quickly. Learn about signs,…
- UrgentSlipped disc in dogs – symptoms and treatmentA slipped disc can cause back pain or sudden paralysis in dogs. Recognise emergency signs and learn about…
- UrgentShock in dogs – recognising a life-threatening emergencyShock means tissues receive too little blood and oxygen. Learn the warning signs in dogs, how to transport…
- UrgentBloody diarrhoea in dogs: AHDS and urgent treatmentBloody diarrhoea can dehydrate a dog quickly. Learn about AHDS signs, diagnostic tests, intravenous fluids…
- UrgentSomething stuck in a dog's oesophagus – signs and treatmentAn object stuck in a dog's oesophagus can cause drooling, gagging and regurgitation. Learn why urgent…
- UrgentGrape and raisin poisoning in dogs: act immediatelyGrapes and raisins can damage a dog's kidneys. Learn why exposure needs immediate veterinary advice and what…
- UrgentUrinary blockage in male dogs – symptoms and emergency treatmentA urinary blockage prevents your dog passing urine and needs urgent care. Learn about signs in males,…
- UrgentUrinary retention in dogs – symptoms, causes and treatmentUrinary retention means your dog cannot empty their bladder properly. Learn about symptoms, functional…
- UrgentVon Willebrand disease in dogs – symptoms, tests and treatmentVon Willebrand disease can cause prolonged bleeding in dogs. Learn how genetic and blood tests differ and how…
General conditions
Infections, parasites, poisoning and conditions that affect the whole body.
- Addison's disease in dogs: symptoms, crisis and treatmentAddison's disease can cause recurring digestive signs or a sudden crisis. Learn about hormone deficiency,…
- UrgentHypothermia in dogs: signs, first aid and treatmentHypothermia can develop after cold exposure, getting wet or illness. Learn the warning signs, safe first aid…
- UrgentAlcohol poisoning in dogs: symptoms and first aidDogs can develop alcohol poisoning from drinks, hand sanitiser or raw yeast dough. Learn the dangerous signs…
- Wasp stings in dogs: symptoms, first aid and treatmentA wasp sting causes pain and swelling in dogs. Learn about safe first aid, stings in the mouth and signs of a…
- Anaplasmosis in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentAnaplasmosis is a tick-borne bacterial disease. Learn about fever, lameness, platelet changes, antibody test…
- Anaemia in dogs: symptoms, causes and treatmentAnaemia can cause pale gums, tiredness and faster breathing in dogs. Learn about causes, blood tests,…
- UrgentBabesia in dogs – babesiosis symptoms and treatmentBabesia infection can cause fever, anaemia and dark urine in dogs. Learn about babesiosis testing, treatment…
- Lyme disease in dogs: symptoms, antibodies and treatmentLyme disease can cause fever and lameness, but most exposed dogs stay well. Learn about test results, kidney…
- Brucella canis in dogs – canine brucellosis symptomsBrucella canis can cause reproductive problems, back pain or symptom-free infection in dogs. Learn about…
- Cushing's disease in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentCushing's disease can increase a dog's thirst, appetite and panting. Learn about its causes, hormone tests,…
- UrgentDiabetic ketoacidosis in dogs: symptoms and treatmentDiabetic ketoacidosis is a life-threatening complication of diabetes in dogs. Learn about warning signs,…
- Diabetes in dogs: symptoms, treatment and home monitoringDiabetes can cause increased thirst, urination and weight loss in dogs. Learn about investigations, insulin…
- Ehrlichiosis in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentEhrlichiosis is a tick-borne bacterial disease that can cause fever and bleeding in dogs. Learn about…
- UrgentAntifreeze poisoning in dogs: ethylene glycol toxicityEthylene glycol in antifreeze can rapidly damage a dog's kidneys. Learn about poisoning signs, tests and why…
- Furunculosis in dogs – painful skin lumps and treatmentFurunculosis can cause painful, discharging skin lumps on a dog's paws or elsewhere. Learn about its…
- Tapeworms in dogsTapeworm segments can look like rice grains in a dog's faeces. Learn how infection spreads, how vets diagnose…
- Haemangiosarcoma in dogs: blood-vessel cancerHaemangiosarcoma can develop in the spleen, heart or skin. Learn about bleeding, fluid around the heart,…
- UrgentCanine herpesvirus – symptoms and protecting puppiesCanine herpesvirus often causes no symptoms in adults but can be fatal to newborn puppies. Learn about…
- Histiocytic sarcoma in dogs – symptoms and treatmentHistiocytic sarcoma is an aggressive canine cancer. Learn about localised and disseminated disease, tissue…
- UrgentIbuprofen poisoning in dogsCould your dog have swallowed ibuprofen? Contact a vet immediately. Learn about poisoning symptoms, emergency…
- UrgentImmune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) in dogsIMHA can cause sudden weakness, pale gums and jaundice in dogs. Learn about diagnostic tests, transfusions,…
- UrgentImmune thrombocytopenia in dogs: low platelets and bleedingImmune thrombocytopenia can cause serious bleeding in dogs. Learn about symptoms, interpreting platelet…
- Swollen lymph nodes in dogs: lymphadenitis and other causesSwollen lymph nodes in dogs can indicate inflammation or a tumour. Learn about lymphadenitis signs, sampling,…
- Insulinoma in dogs – symptoms, tests and treatmentInsulinoma lowers a dog's blood sugar and can cause weakness or seizures. Learn about tumour testing,…
- Thyroid tumours in dogs: symptoms and treatmentA thyroid tumour can cause a neck lump in a dog without hormone-related signs. Learn about investigations,…
- Hypothyroidism in dogs: symptoms and treatmentAn underactive thyroid can cause tiredness, weight gain and coat changes. Learn about T4 and TSH results,…
- UrgentXylitol poisoning in dogs: symptoms and prompt treatmentXylitol can cause dangerously low blood sugar and liver damage in dogs. Learn about symptoms, urgent…
- UrgentAdder bites in dogs: symptoms, first aid and treatmentAn adder bite can cause painful swelling and serious organ damage in dogs. Learn about first aid, veterinary…
- UrgentHeatstroke in dogs: symptoms, first aid and preventionHeatstroke is a life-threatening emergency in dogs. Recognise the signs, start effective cooling and learn…
- Leishmaniasis in dogs – symptoms, tests and treatmentLeishmaniasis may cause symptoms years after a dog becomes infected. Learn about skin and kidney signs,…
- Leptospirosis in dogs: symptoms, infection and preventionLeptospirosis can damage a dog's kidneys, liver and lungs and infect people. Learn about signs, tests,…
- Overweight and obesity in dogsExcess weight can hide a dog's waist and make ribs harder to feel. Learn about body condition, safe weight…
- Hyperparathyroidism in dogs – symptoms and treatmentHyperparathyroidism raises blood calcium in dogs. Learn about symptoms, hormone tests, surgery and the close…
- Lymphoma in dogsLymphoma can cause enlarged lymph nodes in dogs. Learn how vets identify the type and extent of disease, what…
- Macadamia nut poisoning in dogs – symptoms and treatmentMacadamia nuts can cause vomiting, tremors and hind-leg weakness in dogs. Learn how long signs last, when…
- Yeast skin infection in dogsYeast skin infections can cause itching, redness and greasy scaling in dogs. Learn how vets assess…
- MDR1 in dogs: genetic drug sensitivityThe MDR1 gene variant can cause serious reactions to certain medicines. Learn about testing, symptoms,…
- UrgentNeosporosis in dogs – symptoms, tests and treatmentNeosporosis can cause hind-leg weakness and permanent stiffness in puppies. Learn about infection, testing,…
- UrgentNicotine poisoning in dogs: pouches, tobacco and vapesNicotine pouches, cigarette ends and vape liquid can poison dogs quickly. Learn about symptoms, veterinary…
- UrgentOrganophosphate poisoning in dogs: symptoms and treatmentOrganophosphate poisoning can cause drooling, muscle twitching and breathing difficulty in dogs. Learn about…
- UrgentParacetamol poisoning in dogsA paracetamol overdose can damage a dog's red blood cells and liver. Call a vet immediately if your dog may…
- UrgentParvovirus in dogs: symptoms, infection and treatmentParvovirus can cause severe gut disease in dogs. Learn the warning signs, how vets diagnose and treat it, and…
- Distemper in dogs: symptoms, spread and vaccinationDistemper can affect a dog's breathing, digestive tract and nervous system. Learn about transmission,…
- Anal and perianal tumours in dogs – adenoma and cancerA lump near a dog's anus may be a benign adenoma or cancer. Learn about tests, the role of castration,…
- Bite wounds in dogs: first aid, assessment and treatmentA bite wound may look small but extend deep into a dog's tissues. Learn about first aid, signs of infection,…
- Ticks on dogs: removal and monitoring a biteRemove an attached tick from your dog promptly. Learn about safe removal, monitoring the bite, signs of…
- UrgentHeavy metal poisoning in dogs: lead and zincLead and excess zinc can seriously poison dogs. Learn about exposure sources, symptoms, investigations and…
- Vaccine reactions in dogs: symptoms and treatmentA vaccine reaction may cause mild tiredness or an allergy needing urgent care. Learn how long symptoms last,…
- UrgentRat poison in dogsIf your dog may have eaten rat poison or a poisoned rodent, call a vet immediately. The active ingredient…
- Salmonella in dogs: symptoms, transmission and treatmentSalmonella may cause diarrhoea or symptom-free carriage in dogs. Learn about testing, treatment needs and…
- UrgentSepsis in dogs: symptoms and emergency treatmentSepsis is life-threatening in dogs. Learn the warning signs, how vets investigate the infection source and…
- UrgentMushroom poisoning in dogs – symptoms and urgent treatmentMushroom poisoning in dogs may cause signs immediately or days later. Learn about dangerous mushrooms, first…
- UrgentBlue-green algae poisoning in dogs: symptoms and immediate helpBlue-green algae toxins can rapidly damage a dog's liver or nervous system. Learn about exposure, rinsing the…
- UrgentOnion and garlic poisoning in dogsOnion and garlic can damage a dog's red blood cells and cause anaemia. Contact a vet immediately after…
- UrgentChocolate poisoning in dogsChocolate's theobromine and caffeine can poison dogs. Call a vet immediately after chocolate or cocoa…
- Cancer in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentCancer in dogs can appear as a growing lump or general illness. Learn how tumours are identified and how…
- UrgentInfectious canine hepatitis – symptoms and treatmentInfectious canine hepatitis can make an unvaccinated dog seriously ill very quickly. Learn about signs,…
- Persistent fever in dogs: fever of unknown originPersistent or recurrent fever in dogs needs systematic investigation. Learn about possible causes, samples…
- Walking dandruff in dogs – symptoms and treatmentWalking dandruff mites can cause scaling and itching in dogs, or no signs at all. Learn about diagnosis,…
- Fleas, ticks and other external parasites in dogsLearn to recognise common external parasites in dogs, remove an attached tick and interrupt flea breeding at…
- UrgentShock in dogs – recognising a life-threatening emergencyShock means tissues receive too little blood and oxygen. Learn the warning signs in dogs, how to transport…
- Diabetes insipidus in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentDiabetes insipidus causes severe thirst and large amounts of dilute urine in dogs. Learn about diagnosis,…
- Ascites in dogs: abdominal fluid causes and treatmentAscites means fluid accumulating in a dog's abdomen. Learn about causes, fluid sampling, treatment and…
- UrgentGrape and raisin poisoning in dogs: act immediatelyGrapes and raisins can damage a dog's kidneys. Learn why exposure needs immediate veterinary advice and what…
- Vitamin deficiency in dogs: symptoms, causes and treatmentVitamin deficiency in dogs can result from diet or poor absorption. Learn about B12, vitamin D and other…
Skin and coat
Itching, allergies, skin infections and lumps on the skin.
- Acne in dogs: chin spots and treatmentCanine acne can cause spots, scabs or swelling on the chin and lips. Learn how vets investigate these skin…
- Alopecia X and seasonal flank alopecia in dogsAlopecia X and seasonal flank alopecia usually cause hair loss without itching. Learn how the cause is…
- Paw pad injuries in dogs: first aid and wound careA paw pad wound can bleed, hurt and reopen with walking. Learn how to control bleeding, what vets examine and…
- Atopic dermatitis in dogs: itching, tests and long-term careAtopic dermatitis causes long-term itching and skin problems in dogs. Learn about the stages of diagnosis,…
- Demodectic mange in dogs: Demodex mites and skin diseaseDemodectic mange causes bald patches and sometimes severe skin infection. Learn about mite tests, localised…
- Fibrosarcoma in dogs: symptoms, diagnosis and treatmentFibrosarcoma is a malignant connective tissue tumour in dogs. Learn about lumps under the skin, biopsy,…
- Infected wounds in dogs: signs and treatmentAn infected wound may become red, swollen and discharge pus. Learn when your dog needs veterinary care and…
- Dandruff in dogs: causes and treatmentDandruff in dogs can be linked to dry skin, parasites or skin disease. Learn about possible causes,…
- Histiocytoma in dogs: a red lump on the skinA histiocytoma is often a benign skin tumour in a young dog. Learn about rapid growth, cell sampling,…
- Hot spots in dogs: acute moist dermatitisA hot spot is a rapidly developing, wet and painful skin lesion. Learn about diagnosis, when to see a vet and…
- Skin tumours in dogs: investigating and treating a lumpSkin tumours can appear as lumps, patches or sores. Learn when a change needs urgent attention and how a vet…
- Skin squamous cell carcinoma in dogs: symptoms and treatmentSkin squamous cell carcinoma may appear as an ulcerated lump or claw change. Learn about diagnosis, treatment…
- UrgentBurns in dogs: first aid, symptoms and treatmentA dog's burn may be hidden beneath the coat and deepen later. Learn about cooling, warning signs and…
- Ichthyosis in dogs – inherited scaling and skin careIchthyosis is an inherited skin disorder that causes scaling. Learn about symptoms, genetic tests and care to…
- Hair loss in dogs: normal shedding and alopeciaHair loss can be normal shedding or a sign of skin disease. Learn when bald patches, itching and coat changes…
- Folliculitis in dogs: symptoms and treatmentFolliculitis can cause spots, crusts and hair loss in dogs. Learn about the causes, skin samples, topical…
- Flea allergy dermatitis in dogsFlea allergy causes intense itching, especially over a dog's lower back and tail base. Learn about symptoms,…
- Fleas in dogs: identifying and treating an infestationFleas cause itching in dogs and can breed in the home. Learn how to recognise an infestation and why…
- Aural haematoma in dogs: a swollen ear flapAn aural haematoma makes a dog's ear flap swell with blood. Learn how to recognise it, when to see a vet and…
- Contact dermatitis and contact allergy in dogsContact dermatitis in dogs can result from irritation or an allergy. Learn about the signs, identifying…
- Nose and paw pad hyperkeratosis in dogsHyperkeratosis thickens the surface of a dog's nose or paw pads. Learn when changes may be harmless and when…
- Itching in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentItching can show as scratching, licking or chewing. Learn about common causes in dogs, investigations and why…
- Nail fold inflammation in dogs: symptoms and treatmentNail fold inflammation can cause a swollen toe, paw licking and lameness in dogs. Learn how vets examine the…
- Pyoderma in dogs: bacterial skin infectionPyoderma can cause crusts, pustules and pain in dogs. Learn how superficial and deep infections differ and…
- Melanoma in dogs: symptoms, diagnosis and treatmentMelanoma can develop in a dog's mouth, skin, toe or eye. Its location and extent of spread influence…
- Lick granuloma in dogs: causes, tests and treatmentRepeated licking can cause a thickened, inflamed patch on your dog's leg. Learn about lick granuloma causes,…
- Abscesses in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentAn abscess is a pocket of pus that may feel like a painful lump. Learn when your dog needs urgent care and…
- UrgentFrostbite in dogs: symptoms, first aid and treatmentFrostbite particularly affects a dog's ears, paws and tail. Learn the warning signs, safe first aid and how…
- Pemphigus in dogs – blisters, crusts and autoimmune skin diseasePemphigus causes blisters, crusts and sometimes painful ulcers in dogs. Learn how it is diagnosed, treated…
- Puppy strangles – juvenile cellulitis in puppiesPuppy strangles causes swelling of the face and lymph nodes. Learn how vets distinguish it from infection and…
- Impetigo in puppies – symptoms and treatmentPuppy impetigo often causes pustules and crusts on the belly. Learn how the diagnosis is confirmed and when…
- Skin fold dermatitis in dogs – symptoms and treatmentSkin fold dermatitis causes redness, unpleasant smells and pain inside folds. Learn how it is assessed, how…
- Lipoma in dogs: diagnosing and treating fatty lumpsA lipoma is usually a benign fatty lump under the skin. Learn about needle samples, monitoring and treatment…
- Food allergy in dogs: symptoms and elimination dietsFood allergy can cause itching, ear problems and digestive symptoms in dogs. Learn how an elimination diet…
- Ringworm in dogs: symptoms, spread and treatmentRingworm can cause scaly, hairless patches in dogs and spread to people. Learn how vets diagnose the…
- Mast cell tumours in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentA mast cell tumour can look like an ordinary skin lump. Learn how fine-needle samples, tissue examination and…
- Sarcoptic mange in dogs: symptoms and treatmentSarcoptic mange is a contagious mite infestation that can cause intense itching in dogs. Learn about…
- Warts in dogs: papillomas, infection and treatmentWarts in dogs are often caused by papillomavirus and disappear on their own. Learn about spread, treatment…
- Sebaceous adenoma in dogs: gland lumps and cystsA sebaceous adenoma is usually a benign skin tumour. Learn about gland lumps, how cysts differ, sampling and…
- Chewing lice in dogs – symptoms, spread and treatmentChewing lice spread between dogs and can cause itching and hair loss. Learn how these parasites are…
- Pododermatitis in dogs: sore, red skin between the toesInflammation between a dog's toes may involve allergy, a foreign body or deep infection. Learn about tests,…
Bones, joints and muscles
Lameness, joints, bones and the back.
- UrgentAtlantoaxial instability in dogs: neck pain and treatmentAtlantoaxial instability can cause neck pain and paralysis in dogs. Learn about urgent warning signs,…
- Crooked front legs in puppies: angular limb deformityAbnormal bone growth can bend a puppy's front legs and strain the joints. Learn about symptoms, growth plate…
- Cruciate ligament injury in dogs – a torn cranial cruciate ligamentCruciate ligament injury causes back-leg pain and lameness in dogs. Learn about partial tears, surgical…
- Hip dysplasia in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentHip dysplasia can cause pain and osteoarthritis in dogs. Learn about signs, tests, treatment options,…
- Immune-mediated polyarthritis in dogs: symptoms and careImmune-mediated polyarthritis can cause lameness, stiffness and fever in dogs. Learn about joint fluid…
- Tendonitis in dogs – symptoms, investigations and treatmentTendonitis can cause lameness that worsens with exercise in dogs. Learn about biceps tendon problems,…
- UrgentNeck injury in dogs – symptoms, first aid and treatmentA neck injury can damage a dog's airway and deep tissues even with a small skin wound. Learn the warning…
- Broken nails in dogs – symptoms and first aidA broken nail can bleed and be very painful for a dog. Learn about first aid, treatment, signs of infection…
- Elbow dysplasia in dogsElbow dysplasia can cause front-leg lameness even in a puppy. Learn about symptoms, diagnostic imaging,…
- Legg-Perthes disease in dogs: hip pain and treatmentLegg-Perthes disease causes hip pain and lameness in young dogs. Learn about femoral head damage, X-rays,…
- UrgentBroken jaw in dogs – symptoms, treatment and healingA broken jaw can prevent a dog eating and alter the bite. Learn about upper and lower jaw injuries,…
- Muscle strains in dogs – symptoms and treatmentA muscle strain can cause pain, lameness and swelling in dogs. Learn about assessment, restricting activity…
- UrgentDislocated hip in dogs: symptoms and treatmentA dislocated hip causes sudden pain and lameness in dogs. Learn about urgent assessment, putting the joint…
- Iliopsoas injury in dogs: hip flexor strain and recoveryAn iliopsoas injury can shorten a dog's stride and reduce performance. Learn about hip flexor strain,…
- UrgentBroken bones in dogsA suspected broken bone needs prompt veterinary assessment. Learn how to recognise possible fractures,…
- Bone cancer in dogsBone cancer can cause lameness, hard swelling or fractures in dogs. Learn how osteosarcoma is diagnosed and…
- Bone infection in dogs – osteomyelitis symptoms and treatmentBone infection can cause lameness, pain and pus discharge in dogs. Learn about osteomyelitis causes,…
- Umbilical hernia in dogsAn umbilical hernia often appears as a soft lump at a dog's navel. Learn when monitoring may be suitable and…
- Osteoarthritis in dogsOsteoarthritis can cause stiffness and reluctance to exercise in dogs. Recognise pain signs and learn how…
- Joint inflammation in dogsJoint inflammation can cause lameness, pain and fever in dogs. Learn how vets use joint fluid samples to…
- Inguinal hernia in dogs – symptoms, surgery and outlookAn inguinal hernia often appears as a groin swelling in a dog. Learn about soft and strangulated hernias,…
- Hypertrophic osteodystrophy in dogs – HOD in puppiesHypertrophic osteodystrophy, or HOD, causes bone pain, swelling and fever in puppies. Learn about symptoms,…
- Osteochondrosis in dogs – symptoms and treatmentOsteochondrosis affects cartilage and bone development in a growing dog's joints. Learn about lameness,…
- UrgentDiaphragmatic hernia in dogs – symptoms, surgery and recoveryA diaphragmatic hernia allows abdominal organs into a dog's chest. Learn about breathing problems, traumatic…
- Panosteitis in dogs – growing pains and lamenessPanosteitis causes painful long bones and lameness that may shift between legs in young dogs. Learn about…
- Luxating patella in dogsA luxating patella can make a dog lift a hind leg for a few steps. Learn how vets examine kneecap stability,…
- Bruising and contusions in dogs – swelling, pain and treatmentA contusion can cause pain, swelling and bruising in a dog. Learn about soft tissue injury care and signs…
- UrgentSpinal injury in dogs – symptoms, first aid and treatmentA spinal injury can also damage a dog's spinal cord. Learn about urgent signs, safe transport,…
- Spondylosis in dogs – symptoms, treatment and spinal screeningSpondylosis may cause no signs or be associated with back stiffness and pain in dogs. Learn about…
- Lumbosacral transitional vertebra in dogs: LTV explainedA lumbosacral transitional vertebra is often a symptom-free finding. Learn about LTV grades, investigating…
Eyes, ears and mouth
Eye and ear conditions, teeth and the mouth.
- Allergic conjunctivitis in dogsAllergic conjunctivitis can cause itchy, red, watery eyes in dogs. Learn which eye signs need urgent care and…
- Collie eye anomaly in dogs – CEACollie eye anomaly is an inherited eye development disorder that may cause no symptoms or impair vision.…
- Extra eyelashes in dogs – distichiasisExtra eyelashes may cause no symptoms or rub a dog's cornea. Learn about distichiasis assessment, treatment…
- Ectropion in dogs – outward-turning eyelidsEctropion exposes a dog's conjunctiva and can cause irritation. Learn about assessment of outward-turning…
- Entropion in dogs: an inward-turning eyelidEntropion turns a dog's eyelid inwards, making hairs rub the eye. Learn about symptoms, corneal damage,…
- Epulis in dogs – assessment and treatment of gum lumpsEpulis is a general term for a growth on a dog's gum. Learn why a biopsy is needed and how a benign fibroma…
- UrgentAnterior uveitis in dogs: symptoms, causes and treatmentAnterior uveitis is inflammation inside the front of the eye. Learn why your dog may squint, how vets examine…
- UrgentGlaucoma in dogs: symptoms and treatmentGlaucoma can cause eye pain and rapid sight loss in dogs. Learn the emergency signs, how eye pressure is…
- Tartar in dogs: removal and preventionTartar is hardened plaque on a dog's teeth and cannot be brushed away. Learn about professional cleaning,…
- Tooth root abscess in dogs: symptoms and treatmentA tooth root abscess can cause facial swelling or make your dog chew on one side. Learn how vets find and…
- Tooth pulp inflammation in dogsTooth pulp inflammation can follow a fracture or impact in dogs. Learn how vets detect damage and when…
- Broken teeth in dogs: symptoms and treatment optionsA broken tooth may need sealing, root canal treatment or extraction. Learn to recognise exposed pulp and why…
- Cataracts in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentCataracts cloud a dog's lens and can reduce vision. Learn about tests, diabetes-related cataracts, surgery…
- Cherry eye in dogs: symptoms, diagnosis and treatmentCherry eye appears as a red swelling at the inner corner of a dog's eye. Learn about tests, gland-preserving…
- Ear mites in dogs: symptoms, spread and treatmentEar mites can cause itchy ears, head shaking and dark discharge in dogs. Learn how vets confirm an…
- Dry eye in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentDry eye in dogs causes sticky discharge, redness and pain. Learn about tear testing, long-term treatment and…
- Hearing loss in dogs: signs, causes and treatmentHearing loss in dogs can be linked to age, ear infections or noise. Learn how it affects daily life and what…
- UrgentLens luxation in dogsLens luxation can cause pain and sudden sight loss in dogs. Learn which eye signs require emergency care and…
- Watery eyes in dogs: causes and treatmentWatery eyes in dogs can result from irritation or a blocked tear duct. Learn when an eye needs prompt…
- Meibomian gland inflammation in dogsMeibomian gland inflammation can cause a painful eyelid abscess or a pale lump. Learn when your dog's eye…
- Nuclear sclerosis in dogs – ageing changes in the lensNuclear sclerosis is an age-related increase in lens density. Learn how a greyish lens differs from cataracts…
- Nasal tumours in dogs: symptoms and treatmentA nasal tumour can cause persistent discharge, nosebleeds and a blocked nose in dogs. Learn how it is…
- UrgentNosebleeds in dogs: first aid, causes and testsA dog's nosebleed may come from a nasal injury or a blood clotting disorder. Learn what you can do…
- Ear infections in dogs: otitis externa symptoms and treatmentAn itchy, smelly or painful ear needs examination. Learn what causes otitis externa in dogs, how it is…
- Pannus in dogs – chronic superficial keratitisPannus clouds a dog's cornea and can impair vision. Learn about symptoms, the effects of UV light, eye…
- Periodontitis in dogs: disease of the tooth-supporting tissuesPeriodontitis damages the tissues supporting a dog's teeth. Learn about mouth pain, dental examinations,…
- Malocclusion in dogs: bite problems and treatmentBite problems in dogs can damage the palate or wear down teeth. Learn how vets assess malocclusion and when…
- Retained baby teeth in dogs: symptoms and treatmentRetained baby teeth can disrupt a puppy's bite. Learn when teeth change, why dental X-rays matter and how…
- Corneal dystrophy in dogs – symptoms and treatmentCorneal dystrophy may cause white deposits or widespread cloudiness in a dog's eye. Learn about its forms,…
- UrgentCorneal ulcers in dogs: damage to the eye's surfaceCorneal ulcers cause eye pain and squinting in dogs. Learn how superficial and deep ulcers differ and why…
- Keratitis in dogs: corneal inflammation and treatmentKeratitis can make a dog's eye cloudy or painful, or cause a dark patch on its surface. Learn when your dog…
- Conjunctivitis in dogs: a red, discharging eyeConjunctivitis causes redness, itching and eye discharge in dogs. Learn about finding the cause, treatment…
- Blepharitis in dogsBlepharitis can make a dog's eyelids red, swollen and itchy. Learn about common causes, urgent warning signs…
- Oral squamous cell carcinoma in dogsOral squamous cell carcinoma in dogs may appear as a bleeding lump or ulcer. Learn how vets investigate it…
- Salivary mucocoele in dogs – symptoms and treatmentA salivary mucocoele is saliva that has leaked into a dog's tissues. Learn about neck and mouth swelling,…
- Middle ear infection in dogs: symptoms and treatmentMiddle ear infection can cause pain, discharge and hearing loss in dogs. Learn how vets examine the middle…
- Progressive retinal atrophy in dogsProgressive retinal atrophy often affects a dog's night vision first. Learn how PRA is diagnosed and how to…
- Foreign body in a dog's ear – symptoms and removalPlant material trapped in a dog's ear can cause head shaking and pain. Learn how foreign bodies are assessed…
Reproductive system
Womb, prostate, mammary glands and problems linked to seasons.
- Vaginitis in dogs: discharge, symptoms and treatmentVaginitis can cause discharge, licking and frequent urination in dogs. Learn about symptoms in puppies and…
- Vaginal hyperplasia in dogs: swelling and treatmentVaginal hyperplasia causes swollen vaginal tissue to protrude in female dogs. Learn about symptoms,…
- Balanoposthitis in dogs – discharge and inflammationBalanoposthitis can cause excessive discharge, licking and irritation in dogs. Learn how normal discharge…
- Enlarged prostate in dogs – symptoms and treatmentAn enlarged prostate can cause bloody discharge and difficulty passing stools in dogs. Learn about tests,…
- Prostatitis in dogs: prostate infection and treatmentProstatitis can cause fever and abdominal pain or recurrent urinary infections in dogs. Learn about…
- Infertility in dogs – causes, investigations and treatmentInvestigating infertility involves checking mating timing and both dogs' reproductive health. Learn about…
- UrgentMiscarriage in dogs: signs, causes and treatmentPregnancy loss in dogs may go unnoticed or cause discharge, pain and fever. Learn about possible causes,…
- Testicular tumours in dogs – symptoms and treatmentTesticular tumours may cause a lump, unequal testicle size or hormonal signs in dogs. Learn about tests,…
- Endometritis and metritis in dogs – symptoms and treatmentInflammation of the uterine lining can affect fertility in dogs. Learn about endometritis tests and…
- Mammary tumours in dogsMammary tumours can feel like small, painless lumps near a dog's nipples. Learn how they are investigated,…
- UrgentParaphimosis in dogs: a penis stuck outside the sheathParaphimosis leaves a dog's penis trapped outside its sheath, where it can swell and become painful. Learn…
- UrgentFading puppy syndrome: weakness in newborn puppiesA fading puppy may stop suckling, become cold and weaken quickly. Learn about warning signs, possible causes,…
- Undescended testicles in dogs – cryptorchidism and treatmentA retained testicle may remain in a dog's groin or abdomen. Learn about assessment, tumour risk, surgical…
- UrgentPyometra in dogs: symptoms and urgent treatmentPyometra is an emergency womb infection in dogs. Recognise the signs even without discharge and learn about…
- UrgentDifficult birth in dogsDifficult birth in dogs needs prompt assessment. Recognise prolonged straining, abnormal discharge and other…
- Transmissible venereal tumour in dogs: TVT and treatmentTVT spreads between dogs through living cancer cells. Learn about symptoms, diagnostic samples, chemotherapy,…
- Mastitis in dogs – symptoms, nursing and treatmentMastitis causes mammary pain, heat and milk changes in dogs. Learn about signs in mothers and puppies,…
- Phantom pregnancy in dogs – symptoms, duration and treatmentPhantom pregnancy can cause milk production, nesting and behaviour changes in dogs. Learn how long symptoms…
Digestive system
Vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach, bowel and liver.
- Echinococcus tapeworms in dogs – infection and echinococcosisEchinococcus usually causes no symptoms in a dog's intestine, but its eggs can infect people. Learn about…
- UrgentGDV in dogs: recognising a twisted stomach emergencyA twisted stomach is a veterinary emergency. Learn the warning signs of GDV in dogs, how it is diagnosed and…
- Giardia in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentGiardia can cause intermittent diarrhoea in dogs. Learn how infection is diagnosed, when treatment is needed…
- EPI in dogs: pancreatic insufficiency symptoms and treatmentExocrine pancreatic insufficiency can cause weight loss despite a good appetite. Learn about EPI signs, cTLI…
- Pancreatitis in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentPancreatitis can cause vomiting, poor appetite and abdominal pain in dogs. Learn about warning signs,…
- UrgentMould poisoning in dogs: mouldy food and compostMould toxins can cause tremors, seizures or liver damage in dogs. Learn about mouldy food and compost risks,…
- Flatulence in dogs: causes, diet and investigationsGas in dogs can relate to gulping food, poor digestibility or intestinal disease. Learn about dietary changes…
- Malabsorption in dogs: symptoms, causes and treatmentMalabsorption in dogs can result from pancreatic enzyme deficiency or small intestinal disease. Learn about…
- Campylobacter in dogs – symptoms, testing and treatmentCampylobacter can cause diarrhoea in dogs but is also found in healthy animals. Learn about testing,…
- Jaundice in dogs: causes, tests and treatmentJaundice makes a dog's gums, eyes or skin look yellow. Learn about bilirubin, anaemia, liver disease, blocked…
- UrgentPulmonary oedema in dogs: symptoms and emergency treatmentPulmonary oedema makes breathing difficult and needs urgent care. Learn about heart-related and other causes,…
- Coccidia in puppies – coccidiosis symptoms and treatmentCoccidiosis can cause diarrhoea, poor growth and dehydration in puppies. Learn how vets diagnose it and why…
- Chronic inflammatory enteropathy in dogs: symptoms and treatmentChronic inflammatory enteropathy can cause diarrhoea, vomiting or weight loss in dogs. Learn about…
- Copper storage disease in dogs: liver damage and treatmentCopper storage disease causes copper to build up and damage a dog's liver. Learn about symptoms, liver…
- Megaoesophagus in dogs – regurgitation, feeding and treatmentMegaoesophagus causes regurgitation and weight loss in dogs. Learn about tests, feeding arrangements and…
- Lactose intolerance in dogs: symptoms after dairy productsLactose intolerance can cause diarrhoea, gas and abdominal pain after dairy products. Learn how it differs…
- Stomach and intestinal tumours in dogsStomach and intestinal tumours can cause vomiting, weight loss and bloody stools in dogs. Learn about tests,…
- Stomach ulcers in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentStomach ulcers can cause vomiting, abdominal pain and bleeding in dogs. Learn about causes, endoscopy,…
- Gastritis in dogs: symptoms and treatmentGastritis is inflammation of a dog's stomach lining and can cause sudden or recurrent vomiting. Learn about…
- Liver tumours in dogs – symptoms, tests and treatmentA liver tumour may be found by chance or cause weight loss, tiredness and internal bleeding in dogs. Learn…
- Cirrhosis in dogs: liver scarring and treatmentCirrhosis is advanced structural liver disease in dogs. Learn about symptoms, liver biopsy, abdominal fluid,…
- UrgentLiver failure in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentLiver failure can cause jaundice, bleeding and neurological signs in dogs. Learn about acute and chronic…
- Liver shunt in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentA liver shunt diverts blood around the liver and can cause poor growth, brain signs and urinary stones. Learn…
- UrgentHepatic encephalopathy in dogs: liver-related brain signsHepatic encephalopathy causes brain signs linked to liver disease or shunts in dogs. Learn about ammonia,…
- Hepatitis in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentHepatitis can remain silent in dogs for a long time. Learn about its causes, liver blood tests, biopsies,…
- UrgentLow blood sugar in puppies – hypoglycaemia signs and first aidLow blood sugar can cause trembling, unsteadiness and reduced awareness in puppies. Learn why small puppies…
- Tonsillitis in dogs: symptoms, causes and treatmentTonsillitis can cause gagging, drooling and painful swallowing in dogs. Learn about finding the cause,…
- Vomiting in dogs: causes and when to see a vetVomiting in dogs may pass quickly or need urgent treatment. Learn how it differs from regurgitation and when…
- Colitis in dogs: symptoms and treatmentColitis can cause frequent small bowel movements, mucus and fresh blood in a dog's faeces. Learn about…
- Perianal fistulas in dogs – symptoms, treatment and outlookPerianal fistulas cause painful ulcers and draining tracts around a dog's anus. Learn about symptoms,…
- Anal gland problems in dogs: blockage, infection and abscessesAnal gland inflammation can cause licking, pain and abscesses. Learn about blockage, examination, flushing…
- UrgentRectal prolapse in dogs – symptoms and treatmentRectal prolapse appears as tissue protruding from a dog's anus. Learn why prompt veterinary care matters and…
- Spleen tumours in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentA spleen mass may be benign or malignant. Learn about internal bleeding, spleen removal, tissue testing and…
- UrgentTwisted spleen in dogs – splenic torsion and urgent treatmentSplenic torsion blocks blood flow through a dog's spleen and needs prompt care. Learn about sudden and…
- UrgentWhipworms and hookworms in dogsWhipworms and hookworms can cause diarrhoea and anaemia in dogs. Learn how infections are tested and treated,…
- Protein-losing enteropathy in dogs: PLE symptoms and treatmentProtein-losing enteropathy can cause weight loss, diarrhoea and fluid accumulation in dogs. Learn about…
- Acid reflux in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentLip smacking, repeated swallowing or regurgitation may suggest reflux in dogs. Learn about tests and when…
- Rickets in puppies: symptoms, causes and bone treatmentRickets weakens a puppy's growing bones and can cause pain, lameness and fractures. Learn about diet, blood…
- Diarrhoea in dogs: causes, home care and warning signsDiarrhoea in dogs may settle quickly or need urgent treatment. Learn about common causes, dehydration risk,…
- UrgentDog vomiting blood: gastrointestinal bleedingBlood in a dog's vomit or black stools may signal gastrointestinal bleeding. Learn the warning signs,…
- UrgentFood poisoning in dogs – symptoms and prompt helpFood poisoning can cause diarrhoea, vomiting or neurological signs in dogs. Learn about contaminated food,…
- Oesophagitis in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentOesophagitis can cause regurgitation, drooling and painful swallowing in dogs. Learn about endoscopy, feeding…
- Gallbladder mucocoele in dogs – symptoms and treatmentA gallbladder mucocoele can cause abdominal pain, vomiting and jaundice in dogs. Learn about tests, treatment…
- UrgentBile duct obstruction in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentA blocked bile duct can cause jaundice and serious illness in dogs. Learn about testing, pancreatitis,…
- UrgentIntussusception in dogs: symptoms, surgery and recoveryIntussusception occurs when one part of a dog's intestine slides inside another. Learn about symptoms,…
- Roundworms in dogs: symptoms, transmission and treatmentRoundworms live in a dog's small intestine. Learn about transmission, signs in puppies, faecal testing,…
- Intestinal parasites in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentIntestinal parasites can cause diarrhoea or weight loss in dogs. Learn about transmission, faecal testing,…
- Enteritis in dogs: acute symptoms and treatmentAcute enteritis can cause diarrhoea, vomiting and abdominal pain in dogs. Learn about causes, investigations…
- UrgentIntestinal blockage and foreign bodies in dogs: symptoms and treatmentA swallowed foreign body can block a dog's intestine. Learn about warning signs, investigations, removal of…
- Mouth ulcers in dogs: stomatitis and other causesMouth ulcers can cause pain, drooling and difficulty eating in dogs. Learn about stomatitis, biopsies and…
- Constipation in dogs: symptoms, causes and treatmentConstipation makes a dog pass faeces less often or with difficulty. Learn about causes, investigations,…
- Perineal hernia in dogs – symptoms and surgeryA perineal hernia can cause swelling beside a dog's anus and difficulty passing stools. Learn about tests,…
- UrgentBloody diarrhoea in dogs: AHDS and urgent treatmentBloody diarrhoea can dehydrate a dog quickly. Learn about AHDS signs, diagnostic tests, intravenous fluids…
- UrgentSomething stuck in a dog's oesophagus – signs and treatmentAn object stuck in a dog's oesophagus can cause drooling, gagging and regurgitation. Learn why urgent…
- Viral stomach bugs in dogs: vomiting and diarrhoeaA dog's stomach bug may be viral. Learn how parvovirus, coronavirus and rotavirus differ, and about…
Urinary system
Urinary tract, bladder and kidneys.
- UrgentAcute kidney injury in dogs – sudden kidney failureAcute kidney injury in dogs can follow poisoning, infection or poor circulation. Learn about urgent symptoms,…
- Bladder stones in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentUrinary stones can cause pain, blood in the urine or a blockage. Learn about tests, treatment options and…
- Ectopic ureter in dogs: urine leakage and treatmentAn ectopic ureter can cause urine leakage from puppyhood. Learn about diagnosis, endoscopic correction,…
- Chronic kidney disease in dogsChronic kidney disease can increase drinking and urination in dogs. Learn how it is diagnosed, what IRIS…
- Kidney infection in dogs – pyelonephritis symptoms and treatmentA kidney infection can quickly damage your dog's kidneys. Learn about pyelonephritis symptoms, the role of…
- UrgentPoisoning and kidney damage in dogs – dangerous substancesAntifreeze, raisins and some medicines can damage your dog's kidneys. Learn why exposure needs prompt…
- Glomerulonephritis in dogs – symptoms, tests and treatmentGlomerulonephritis may be found through protein loss in your dog's urine. Learn about symptoms, kidney…
- Kidney stones in dogs – symptoms, monitoring and treatmentKidney stones may cause no signs or may block a ureter. Learn about tests, monitoring, dissolution and…
- Renal dysplasia in dogs: developmental kidney diseaseRenal dysplasia is a developmental kidney disorder that can affect puppies. Learn about symptoms, diagnostic…
- Protein in dog urine – causes, UPC tests and treatmentProtein in your dog's urine needs investigation. Learn about proteinuria signs, UPC results, kidney tests and…
- Blood in dog urine – causes, tests and treatmentBlood in your dog's urine can involve infection, stones or prostate disease. Learn how the cause is…
- Crystals in dog urine – meaning, tests and treatmentCrystals in your dog's urine do not always mean stones. Learn about crystal types, why a fresh sample matters…
- Urinary incontinence in dogsUrinary incontinence can cause wet bedding or dribbling in dogs. Learn how vets investigate the cause and…
- UrgentUrinary blockage in male dogs – symptoms and emergency treatmentA urinary blockage prevents your dog passing urine and needs urgent care. Learn about signs in males,…
- Bladder cancer in dogs – symptoms, tests and treatmentBladder cancer can resemble a urinary infection in dogs. Learn about tests, BRAF test limitations, treatment…
- Urinary tract infections in dogsA urinary tract infection can cause frequent, painful urination in dogs. Learn when cultures help and which…
- UrgentUrinary retention in dogs – symptoms, causes and treatmentUrinary retention means your dog cannot empty their bladder properly. Learn about symptoms, functional…
Respiratory system
Coughing, breathing difficulty, lungs and throat.
- Sneezing in dogs – causes, reverse sneezing and testsSneezing in dogs can result from irritation or nasal disease. Learn how ordinary and reverse sneezing differ,…
- UrgentAspiration pneumonia in dogs: symptoms and treatmentAspiration pneumonia can follow vomiting, regurgitation or swallowing problems. Learn about breathing signs,…
- BOAS in dogsBOAS narrows the upper airways of flat-faced dogs. Learn the warning signs, when breathing problems need…
- Collapsing trachea in dogs – symptoms and treatmentA collapsing trachea causes a dry, honking cough and sometimes breathing difficulties in dogs. Learn about…
- UrgentPneumothorax in dogs – a breathing emergencyPneumothorax means air around your dog's lungs. Learn about traumatic and spontaneous forms, warning signs,…
- Reverse sneezing in dogsReverse sneezing sounds like forceful snorting. Learn what a typical episode looks like, when the cause needs…
- Kennel cough in dogs: symptoms, infection and treatmentKennel cough spreads easily between dogs. Learn about symptoms, home care, veterinary tests and the warning…
- Pulmonary fibrosis in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentPulmonary fibrosis stiffens a dog's lungs and reduces oxygen transfer. Learn about Westie symptoms,…
- Lung tumours in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentLung tumours can cause coughing and breathing difficulties in dogs or be found by chance. Learn about tests,…
- UrgentPneumonia in dogsPneumonia can quickly make breathing difficult for dogs. Learn the emergency signs, possible causes,…
- UrgentFluid around the lungs in dogs – pleural effusionFluid around the lungs can make breathing difficult for your dog. Learn about pleural effusion causes, tests,…
- Bronchitis in dogsBronchitis can cause repeated coughing in dogs. Learn how chronic bronchitis is diagnosed and treated, and…
- Pulmonary hypertension in dogs: symptoms and treatmentPulmonary hypertension can cause fainting and breathing difficulties in dogs. Learn about diagnostic tests,…
- Laryngeal paralysis in dogs: symptoms and treatmentLaryngeal paralysis can change a dog's bark and make breathing difficult. Learn about diagnosis, surgery and…
- Laryngitis in dogs – symptoms, breathing risks and treatmentA changed bark, cough and noisy breathing can occur with laryngitis in dogs. Learn about warning signs,…
- UrgentPyothorax in dogs – symptoms, chest drainage and treatmentPyothorax is a serious infection around the lungs. Learn about signs in dogs, emergency breathing support,…
- Nasal aspergillosis in dogs: symptoms and treatmentNasal aspergillosis causes persistent nasal discharge, sneezing and pain in dogs. Learn about diagnosis,…
- Nasal mites in dogs: symptoms, transmission and treatmentNasal mites can cause sneezing, reverse sneezing and a reduced sense of smell in dogs. Learn about…
- Runny nose in dogs – rhinitis causes, tests and treatmentA runny nose in dogs can result from infection, irritation or nasal disease. Learn about persistent…
- Sinusitis in dogs – symptoms, tests and treatmentSinusitis in dogs can involve nasal disease, fungal infection or a dental problem. Learn about signs, CT,…
- Something stuck in a dog's nose: symptoms and treatmentA nasal foreign body can cause violent sneezing and one-sided discharge in dogs. Learn about investigation,…
- Coughing in dogsCoughing in dogs can result from airway irritation, infection or other disease. Learn what to monitor and…
Nervous system
Seizures, paralysis and other conditions of the nervous system.
- Peripheral nerve disease in dogs – neuropathy and weaknessPeripheral nerve diseases can cause weakness, muscle wasting or paralysis in dogs. Learn about neuropathy…
- UrgentStroke in dogs – symptoms, diagnosis and treatmentA stroke in a dog often causes sudden balance, vision or movement problems. Learn about investigations,…
- UrgentMeningitis and encephalitis in dogs – symptoms and treatmentMeningitis and encephalitis can cause neck pain, fever, seizures and behavioural changes in dogs. Learn about…
- Brain tumours in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentBrain tumours can cause seizures, behaviour changes and balance problems in dogs. Learn about MRI, treatment…
- UrgentAtaxia in dogs – causes of wobbling and loss of coordinationAtaxia means a loss of movement coordination. Learn why dogs wobble, when emergency care is needed and how…
- Cauda equina syndrome in dogs: back pain and treatmentCauda equina syndrome causes lower back pain and sometimes nerve problems in dogs. Learn about lumbosacral…
- Degenerative myelopathy in dogs: symptoms and careDegenerative myelopathy gradually weakens a dog's hindlegs. Learn about symptoms, genetic test limitations,…
- Dementia in dogsDementia can cause disorientation, night-time restlessness and house-soiling in older dogs. Learn how vets…
- Discospondylitis in dogs: spinal infection and back painDiscospondylitis is an infection of a dog's disc and adjacent vertebrae. Recognise back pain and weakness and…
- Horner's syndrome in dogs – symptoms and recoveryHorner's syndrome causes a small pupil, drooping upper eyelid and visible third eyelid in dogs. Learn about…
- Idiopathic epilepsy in dogs: symptoms and everyday careDiagnosing epilepsy in dogs means investigating other seizure causes. Learn about tests, long-term care and…
- UrgentEclampsia in dogs – low calcium and nursing mothersEclampsia is a dangerous fall in blood calcium, usually in a nursing dog. Recognise restlessness, trembling…
- Facial paralysis in dogs – symptoms and eye protectionFacial paralysis can stop a dog blinking and cause a drooping lip. Learn about the causes, eye protection,…
- UrgentSeizures in dogsA dog having seizures may need emergency care. Time the episode, make the surroundings safe and contact a…
- Myositis in dogs – muscle inflammation and jaw problemsMuscle inflammation can cause weakness, pain or difficulty opening the jaw in dogs. Learn about polymyositis,…
- Myasthenia gravis in dogs: muscle weakness and treatmentMyasthenia gravis causes muscle weakness that worsens with activity and may affect swallowing. Learn about…
- UrgentHead injury in dogs – brain injury symptoms and treatmentA head injury can damage a dog's brain and cause signs that worsen later. Learn about first aid, altered…
- UrgentPolyradiculoneuritis in dogs: weakness and recoveryPolyradiculoneuritis can progress from hindleg weakness to paralysis in dogs. Learn about breathing warning…
- UrgentTick-borne encephalitis in dogs: symptoms and treatmentTick-borne encephalitis, or TBE, is a rare but serious viral disease in dogs. Learn about neurological signs,…
- UrgentRabies in dogs – symptoms and suspected exposureRabies is a life-threatening viral disease affecting dogs and people. Learn about symptoms, transmission,…
- UrgentSpinal stroke in dogs: FCE, treatment and recoveryA spinal stroke, or FCE, causes sudden weakness or paralysis in dogs. Learn about symptoms, MRI,…
- UrgentAbscess behind a dog's eye – symptoms and treatmentAn abscess behind a dog's eye can cause bulging, pain and difficulty eating. Learn when urgent care is needed…
- Congenital deafness in dogs – BAER testing and daily lifeCongenital deafness can affect one or both ears in a dog. Learn about BAER testing, inheritance, breeding…
- Syringomyelia in dogs: phantom scratching, pain and careSyringomyelia can cause phantom scratching, neck pain and weakness in dogs. Learn about Chiari-like…
- UrgentSlipped disc in dogs – symptoms and treatmentA slipped disc can cause back pain or sudden paralysis in dogs. Recognise emergency signs and learn about…
- Trembling in dogs – causes, investigations and treatmentTrembling in dogs can be caused by cold, pain, poisoning or nervous system disease. Learn when emergency care…
- Hydrocephalus in dogs – symptoms, treatment and follow-upHydrocephalus involves excess fluid in a dog's brain ventricles. Learn about puppy symptoms, MRI, shunt…
- Vestibular disease in dogsVestibular disease can cause sudden staggering or a head tilt in dogs. Learn about possible causes,…
- Wobbler syndrome in dogs: neck disease and weaknessWobbler syndrome causes unsteady walking, limb weakness and neck pain in dogs. Learn about spinal imaging,…
Heart and blood vessels
Valve disease, heart failure and circulation.
- UrgentBoxer cardiomyopathy (ARVC) in dogsBoxer cardiomyopathy, or ARVC, causes abnormal heart rhythms and fainting. Learn what Holter monitoring shows…
- UrgentDilated cardiomyopathy in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentDilated cardiomyopathy weakens a dog's heart pumping. Learn about symptoms, ultrasound, Holter monitoring and…
- Mitral valve disease in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentMitral valve disease in dogs can remain symptom-free for years. Learn about heart tests, disease stages,…
- Arrhythmias in dogs: symptoms and treatmentArrhythmias can cause tiredness and fainting in dogs. Learn the warning signs, ECG and Holter tests,…
- UrgentSick sinus syndrome in dogs – symptoms and pacemaker treatmentSick sinus syndrome can slow a dog's heart rate and cause fainting. Learn how vets investigate the rhythm and…
- UrgentHeart failure in dogs: symptoms, tests and treatmentHeart failure can cause faster breathing and fluid accumulation in dogs. Learn about emergency signs,…
- Heart block in dogs: slow heart rate and treatmentAtrioventricular heart block can slow a dog's heartbeat and cause fainting. Learn about its degrees, ECG…
- UrgentHeartworm and lungworm in dogs – symptoms, tests and treatmentHeartworm spreads through mosquitoes, while lungworm usually spreads through slugs and snails. Learn about…
- UrgentPericardial effusion in dogs: symptoms and treatmentFluid around a dog's heart can cause life-threatening cardiac tamponade. Learn the signs, how ultrasound…
- Congenital heart defects in dogs: symptoms and treatmentCongenital heart defects can be silent or strain a dog's circulation. Learn about common defects, murmurs,…
- Blood clotting disorders in dogs: symptoms and treatmentClotting disorders can cause bruising, bleeding or blood clots in dogs. Learn the warning signs, blood tests,…
- High blood pressure in dogs: symptoms and treatmentHigh blood pressure can damage a dog's eyes, kidneys and brain. Learn about its causes, reliable measurement…
- UrgentVon Willebrand disease in dogs – symptoms, tests and treatmentVon Willebrand disease can cause prolonged bleeding in dogs. Learn how genetic and blood tests differ and how…